Which of the following is NOT one of the four Ps of marketing?

The four Ps of marketing, which are fundamental elements in a marketing strategy, include Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. Each of these plays a crucial role in how a product or service reaches customers.

Product refers to what is being offered to satisfy customer needs. Price encompasses the amount customers are willing to pay for the product. Place involves the distribution channels through which the product is made available to consumers. Promotion encompasses the various methods used to communicate with customers about the product, including advertising and sales strategies.

Planning, while essential in the marketing process, is not classified as one of the four Ps. Instead, it serves as a guiding framework for implementing marketing strategies effectively across the four Ps. Therefore, identifying Planning as the option that does not belong among the four Ps is correct, highlighting the distinction between foundational marketing elements and the broader strategic activities that support them.